The history of eye frames is a part of the history of spectacles. Before the modern shape of eye frames occurred, several centuries had been gone through since the invention of the glass lenses. It was until 1928, a London optician Edward Scarlett developed the temples to the eye frame, from then a new era was opened for the contemporary eye frames industry.

Before Edward, the most recent way of holding the two lenses in eye frame was to tie the eye frame around the head using ribbon or metal string. These ancient eye frame on the nose were heavy therefore usually causing pinching. In order to reduce the weight, people started to make eye frames made of tortoise-shell, which also superstitiously meant to bring good luck to the wearers. People also mounted the lenses on the fans, walk sticks for the convenience of use. Other than nose eye frame, people could choose monocle and lorgnette or scissors glasses.

In 1728, Edward’s genius invention of temples revealed the rudiment of today’s eye frames. Actually Edward’s idea was just to use the two arms to clamp at the temple area, and ribbons were still used to tie around the skull, so that the eye frame could be secured on the face. It was by 1880, temples were designed to curve at the end and the curves were used to hook the whole eye frame on the nose.

Before Americans developed the metal eyeglass frames and spectacles trade in the early 1900s, the eye frames were mostly made in Europe and were very precious and expensive. Americans made tortoiseshell and horn-rimmed eye frames in the 1920s and 1930s, which were very popular at that time. Also in order to cater to the tastes and needs of those status conscious buyers, Americans developed and made a lot of gold and silver eye frames then. Till WWII, steel-made eye frame became popular for their fashion design and durability.

In the 20th century, a type of plastics were developed which gradually occupied the major percentage of the eye frame industry. Plastics offered the wearers with widest varieties of semi rimless designer frames in colors, styles and patterns due to its easy molding and low cost. Later the popularity of sunglasses in Hollywood further boosted the design and manufacturing of eye frames.

Today’s eye frames are already a part of the fashion accessories just the same as clothes, jewelry and shoes. Unlike our predecessors in some two hundred fifty years ago struggling to use lenses to see blurry things clearer, our eye frames are applied to enhance persona and facial beauty.

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People with nystagmus have difficulty in focusing their eyes on an object or person. Their eyes always look involuntarily from side to side, up and down or sometimes jerk. Nystagmus is estimated to affect one out of several thousand children, usually from an early age.

There are many types of nystagmuses. Congenital nystagmus is born. The eyes of children who suffer from this type of nystagmus may move together or uncoordinatedly. Manifest nystagmus is present at all times while latent nystagmus occurs only when one eye is covered. Manifest-latent nystagmus is continually present, but worsens when one eye is covered. Acquired nystagmus can be caused by diseases, accidents or neurological problems. Other potential factors include hyperventilation, nicotine and even vibrations.

Most types of nystagmuses are born or develop in children’s early lives. People with nystagmus can not control their eyes and their vision and self-concept will be affected. Sweeping eyes are impossible to acquire clear images so that many nystagmus patients have severe vision problems. Nystagmus patients just see objects in a way that is profoundly different from other normal individuals so that their appearances are affected. It is also important for nystagmus patients to deal with personal and social consequences, since their relation with other people, educational and work opportunities can also under influence.

Except for disease reasons, most nystagmuses are caused by neurological problems. Optokinetic nystagmus and vestibular nystagmus are basic types of nystagmus. Vestibular nystagmus is always associated with inner eye problems. People with vestibular nystagmus have jerking eyes and may suffer from nausea and vertigo. Decongestant is a possible treatment.

Regular eye exams are critical for nystagmus patients, in order to get visual and health monitoring. For light nystagmuses, unisex eyewear and new glasses can provide better vision, while the latter type is more competent. Surgical treatments can reduce null positions, lessen head tilt and improve cosmetic appearance, while drugs such as Botox reduce some nystagmic movements.

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